The war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire erupted after the Russians had defeated Sweden in the Battle of Poltava. With help from the Austrian and French diplomats, the wounded Charles XII of Sweden escaped from the battlefield to the court of the Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III, whom he persuaded to declare war on Russia on November 20, 1710.
The main event of the conflict was the ill-prepared Pruth Campaign of 1711, during which Russian troops under command of Boris Sheremetev attempted to invade Moldavia with the aid of Moldavian ruler Dimitrie Cantemir but were defeated by the Ottoman troops under Grand Vizier Baltacı Mehmet Pasha, in a decisive battle at Stănileşti (started on July 18, 1711).
The conflict was ended on July 21 by the Treaty of the Pruth, to the disappointment of Charles XII. The Treaty stipulated to return Azov to the Ottomans, Taganrog and several Russian fortresses were to be demolished, while the Tsar pledged to stop interfering into the affairs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Even though Ottomans were much more superior in force, Baltaci Mehmet made an unforgivable mistake by signing treaty without starting the fight. Since Peter himself was commanding the army, If Baltaci Mehmet Pasha did not accept Peter's peace proposal the course of history would be changed. Peter either could be executed or became Ottoman vassal if captured in the battle. Later Baltaci Mehmet pasha was dismissed for signing peace treaty without fighting. Without Peter Russia would hardly be an imperial power.

Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739)

Russo–Turkish War of 1735–1739, a war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, caused by intensified contradictions over the results of the War of the Polish Succession of 1733–1735 and endless raids by the Crimean Tatars. The war also represented Russia's continuing struggle for the access to the Black Sea.
By the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish war, Russia had managed to secure a favorable international situation by signing a few treaties with Persia in 1732–1735 (which was at war with Turkey in 1730–1736) and supporting the accession to the Polish throne of Augustus III in 1735 instead of the French protégé Stanislaw I Leszczynski, nominated by pro-Turkish France. Austria had been Russia's ally since 1726.
The casus belli were the raids of the Crimean Tatars on Ukraine in the end of 1735 and the Crimean khan's military campaign in the Caucasus. In 1736, the Russian commanders envisioned the seizure of Azov and the Crimea.

In 1735, on the eve of the war, the Russians made peace with Persia, giving back all the territory conquered during the Russo-Persian War.

On May 20, 1736, the Russian Dnieper Army (62,000 men) under the command of Field Marshal Burkhard Christoph von Munnich took by storm the Turkish fortifications at Perekop and occupied Bakhchisaray on June 17. However, lack of supplies coupled with the outbreak of an epidemic forced Münnich to retreat to Ukraine. On June 19, the Russian Don Army (28,000 men) under the command of General Peter Lacy with the support from the Don Flotilla under the command of Vice Admiral Peter Bredahl seized the fortress of Azov. In July 1737, the Münnich's Army took by storm the Turkish fortress of Ochakov. The Lacy Army (already 40,000 men strong) marched into the Crimea the same month, inflicting a number of defeats on the Army of the Crimean Khan and capturing Karasubazar. However, Lacy and his troops had to leave the Crimea due to lack of supplies.
In July 1737, Austria entered the war against Ottoman Empire, but was defeated a number of times. In August, Russia, Austria and Ottoman Empire began negotiations in Nemirov, which would turn out to be fruitless. There were no significant military operations in 1738. The Russian Army had to leave Ochakov and Kinburn due to the plague outbreak.
In 1739, the Münnich army crossed the Dnieper, defeated the Turks at Stavuchany and occupied the fortress of Khotin (August 19) and Iaşi. However, Austria was defeated by the Turks once again and signed the separate Belgrade Peace Treaty with the Ottoman Empire on August 21. This, coupled with the imminent threat of the Swedish invasion, forced Russia to sign the Treaty of Nissa with Turkey on September 18, which ended the war.

The Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 was a decisive conflict that brought Southern Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, and Crimea within the orbit of the Russian Empire.
The war followed the internal tensions within Poland where there was the strife between the nobility and the king Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski, former favorite of the Russian Empress Catherine II. The king was dependent on Russian military backing.
A detachment of Cossacks in Russian service entered Balta (on Ottoman territory) during the pursuit of a Polish Bar Confederation force. The Ottoman Empire accused the troops of having conducted the slaughter of its subjects in the town of Balta, a charge denied by the Russian authorities. Following this border incident at Balta, Sultan Mustafa III declared war on Russia on September 25, 1768. The Turks formed the alliance with the Polish oppositionary forces of Bar Confederation, while Russia was supported by the Great Britain, which offered naval advisers to the Imperial Russian Navy.
The Polish opposition was defeated by Aleksandr Suvorov. After that, he was transferred to the Turkish theatre of operations, where in 1773 and 1774 he won several minor and major battles for Russia following the previous successes of the Russian Field-Marshal Count Peter Rumiantsev at Larga and Kagul.
The naval operations of the Russian Baltic Fleet in the Mediterranean yielded even more spectacular victories under the command of Aleksey Grigoryevich Orlov. In 1771, Egypt and Syria rebelled against the Ottoman rule while the Russian fleet totally destroyed the Turkish Navy in the Battle of Chesma.
On July 21, 1774, the Ottoman Empire signed the Treaty of Kuçuk Kainarji. According to the treaty, the Crimean Khanate formally gained its independence (but in reality became dependent on Russia), Russia received the war reparations of 4.5 million rubles and two key seaports allowing the direct access to the Black Sea.
This war was but a small part of the continuous process of expansion of the Russian Empire southwards and eastwards during the 18th and 19th centuries.

Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)

The Russo–Turkish War of 1787–1792 involved a futile attempt by the Ottoman Empire to regain lands lost to Russia in the course of the previous Russo–Turkish War, 1768–1774. It took place concomitantly with the Austro-Turkish War of 1787-1791.
In 1786, Catherine II of Russia made a triumphal procession through the annexed Crimea in company with her ally, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II. These events and the friction caused by mutual complaints of infringements of the Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji, which had closed the previous war, stirred up public opinion in Constantinople, while the British and French ambassadors lent their unconditional support to the war party in Russia.
In 1788, war was declared and the Russian ambassador to the Ottomans, Yakov Bulgakov, was thrown into prison, but Ottoman preparations were inadequate and the moment was ill-chosen, now that Russia and Austria were in alliance, a fact of which the Ottomans became aware only when the horsetails were planted for the campaign. The Ottomans drove back the Austrians from Mehadia and overran the Banat (1789); but in Moldavia, Field Marshal Rumyantsev captured Iaşi and Khotin. After a long winter siege, Ochakov fell to Prince Potemkin. This news affected the Ottoman Sultan so deeply as to cause his death.
The Ottoman generals were incompetent and the army mutinous; expeditions for the relief of Bender and Akerman failed, Belgrade was taken by Laudon of Austria, the supposedly impenetrable fortress of Izmail was captured by Suvorov by surprise attacks using combined infantry and artillery, Ushakov shattered the Ottoman fleet at Fidonisi, Tendra, Kerch Strait, and Cape Caliacria, and the fall of Anapa to Ivan Gudovich completed the series of Ottoman disasters.
The young Sultan Selim III was anxious to restore his country's prestige by a victory before making peace, but the condition of his troops made this hope impossible. On 31 January 1790, Prussia signed an offensive treaty with the Ottoman Empire, but gave her no help during the war.
Accordingly, the Treaty of Jassy was signed with Russia on 9 January 1792, recognizing Russia's 1783 annexation of the Crimean Khanate. Yedisan (Hacıbey and Özi) was also ceded to Russia, and the Dniester was made the frontier in Europe, while the Asiatic frontier — the Kuban River — remained unchanged.

The Russo-Turkish War, 1806–1812 was one of many wars fought between Imperial Russia and the Ottoman Empire. The war broke out in 1805–1806 against the background of the Napoleonic wars. The Ottoman Empire, encouraged by the Russian defeat at Austerlitz, deposed the Russophile hospodars of its vassal states Moldavia (Alexandru Moruzi) and Wallachia (Constantine Ypsilanti). Simultaneously, their French allies occupied Dalmatia and threatened to penetrate the Danubian principalities at any time. In order to safeguard the Russian border against a possible French attack, a 40,000-strong Russian contingent advanced into Moldavia and Wallachia. The Sultan reacted by blocking the Dardanelles to Russian ships and declared war on Russia.
Initially, the tsar was reluctant to concentrate large forces against Turkey while his relations with Napoleonic France were still uncertain and the main part of his army was occupied fighting against Napoleon in Prussia. A massive Ottoman offensive aimed at Bucharest was promptly checked at Obilesti by as few as 4,500 soldiers commanded by Mikhail Miloradovich (June 2, 1807). In Armenia, the 7,000-strong contingent of Count Gudovich destroyed the Turkish force of 20,000 at Arpachai (June 18). In the meantime, the Russian Navy under Dmitry Senyavin blockaded the Dardanelles and destroyed the Ottoman Fleet in the Battle of the Dardanelles and Battle of Athos, thus establishing Russian supremacy on sea.
At this point the war might have ended, if it were not for the Peace of Tilsit. Alexander I of Russia, constrained by Napoleon to sign an armistice with the Turks, used the time of peace to transfer more Russian soldiers from Prussia to Bessarabia. After the southern army was augmented to 80,000 and the hostilities were resumed, the 76-year-old commander-in-chief Prozorovsky made little progress in more than a year. In August 1809 he was eventually succeeded by Prince Bagration, who promptly crossed the Danube and overran Dobruja. Bagration proceeded to lay siege to Silistria but, on hearing that the 50,000-strong Turkish army approached the city, deemed it wise to evacuate Dobruja and retreat to Bessarabia.
In 1810, the hostilities were renewed by the Kamensky brothers, who defeated the Ottoman reinforcement heading for Silistria and ousted the Turks from Hacıoğlu Pazarcık (May 22). The position of Silistria now appeared hopeless, and the garrison surrendered on May, 30. Ten days later, Kamensky laid siege to another strong fortress, Shumla. His storm of the citadel was repelled at great loss of life, and more bloodshed ensued during the murderous storm of Rousse on July, 22. The latter fortress did not fall to the Russians until September 9, after Kamensky's army had surprised and routed a huge Turkish detachment at Batyn (August, 26). Young Kamensky died soon thereafter and the new commander, Mikhail Kutuzov, in accordance with his cautious character, evacuated Silistria and slowly started to retreat northward.
Kutuzov's withdrawal induced a Turkish commander, Ahmet Pasha, to lead his 60,000 men against the Russian army. The battle took place on June 22, 1811 near Rousse. Although the offensive was repelled, Kutuzov ordered his forces to cross the Danube back to Bessarabia. Several months later, a separate detachment secretly returned and, surprising Ahmet Pasha at night, routed his army thoroughly (October, 2). More than 9,000 Ottomans were slain during that night, leading to Ahmet Pasha's surrender to Kutuzov on November, 23.
According to the Treaty of Bucharest, signed by Kutuzov on May, 28, the Turks ceded Bessarabia to Russia (although that land belonged to their vassal Moldavia, which they were supposed to protect). The treaty was approved by Alexander I of Russia on June 11, just thirteen days before Napoleon's invasion of Russia commenced.

The Russo–Turkish War of 1828–1829 was sparked by the Greek War of Independence. The war broke out after the Sultan, incensed by the Russian participation in the Battle of Navarino, closed the Dardanelles for Russian ships and revoked the Akkerman Convention.
When the hostilities erupted, the Russian army consisted of 92,000 men, as opposed to the Ottoman forces of some 150,000, commanded by Hussein Pasha. In June 1828, the main Russian forces, led by Emperor Nicholas I, crossed the Danube and advanced into Dobruja. Prior to that, the Russian commander-in-chief, Prince Peter Wittgenstein, had moved into Wallachia and took Brăila and Bucharest without difficulty.
Then the Russians laid prolonged sieges to three key citadels of Bulgaria — Shumla, Varna, and Silistra. Owing to the help of the Black Sea Fleet under Aleksey Greig, Varna was the first to be taken (September 29). The siege of Shumla proved much more problematic, as the 40,000-strong Ottoman garrison outnumbered the Russian forces. Furthermore, the Ottomans succeeded in cutting the Russians from supplies of provisions. The resultant famine and proliferation of diseases claimed more lives than all the hostilities undertaken during the war.
As winter approached, the Russian army was constrained to leave Shumla and retreat back to Bessarabia. In February 1829 old Wittgenstein, whose cautiousness bordered on timidity, was replaced by more energetic Hans Karl von Diebitsch, while the tsar left the army for St Petersburg. On May 7, 60,000 soldiers led by Diebitsch crossed the Danube and resumed the siege of Silistra. The Sultan sent a 40,000-strong contingent to the relief of Varna, but the latter was annihilated by Dibich in the Battle of Kulevicha (May 30). Within several weeks, Silistra fell to the Russians (June 19).
Simultaneously, Ivan Paskevich, operating on the Caucasian front, took Akhalzic, Erivan, and Kars and, accompanied by the poet Alexander Pushkin, seized Erzerum in north-eastern Anatolia, thus marking the 120th anniversary of the Poltava (June 27).
On July 2 Dibich startled the Turks by launching a Transbalkan offensive, the first in the Russian history since the 10th-century campaigns of Svyatoslav I. The contingent of 35,000 Russians moved across the mountains, circumventing the besieged Shumla on their way straight to Istanbul. Burgas fell ten days later, and the Turkish reinforcement was routed near Sliven on July 31. By August 28, Diebitsch advanced within 68 kilometers of Constantinople, causing panic on the streets of the capital.
The Sultan had no other choice but to sue for peace, which was concluded in Edirne on September 14, 1829. The Treaty of Adrianople gave Russia most of the eastern shore of the Black Sea and the mouth of the Danube. Turkey recognized Russian sovereignty over Georgia and parts of present-day Armenia. Serbia achieved autonomy and Russia was allowed to occupy Moldavia and Walachia (guaranteeing their prosperity, and full "liberty of trade" for them) until Turkey had paid a large indemnity. The Straits Question was settled four years later, when both powers signed the Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi.

Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)

The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in a rise in nationalism in the Balkans as well as in the Russian goal of recovering territorial losses it had suffered during the Crimean War, reestablishing itself in the Black Sea and following the political movement attempting to free Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire. As a result of the war, the principalities of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, each of which had had de facto sovereignty for some time, formally proclaimed independence from the Ottoman Empire. After almost five centuries of Ottoman domination (1396-1878), the Bulgarian state was reestablished as the Principality of Bulgaria, covering the land between the Danube River and the Balkan Mountains (except Northern Dobrudja which was given to Romania) and the region of Sofia, which became the new state's capital. The Congress of Berlin also allowed Austria-Hungary to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina and the United Kingdom to take over Cyprus, while the Russian Empire annexed Southern Bessarabia and the Kars region.

The Caucasus Campaign comprised armed conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, later including Armenia, Central Caspian Dictatorship, and the UK as part of the Middle Eastern theatre or alternatively part of the Caucasian Front during World War I. The Caucasus Campaign extended from the Caucasus to the Eastern Anatolia reaching as far as Trabzon, Bitlis, Muş and Van. The land warfare was accompanied by the attacks by the Russian navy in the Black Sea Region of Ottoman Empire.
The Russian advance on the Caucasus front was halted by the Russian Revolution on February 23 1917, and the Russian Caucasus Army at the front line was replaced by the forces of the newly-established Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA), comprising the Armenian volunteer units and the Armenian irregular units. During 1918 the region also saw the establishment of the Central Caspian Dictatorship, the Republic of Mountainous Armenia and an Allied force named Dunsterforce composed of elite troops drawn from the Mesopotamian and Western Fronts.
The Caucasus Campaign terminated between the Ottoman Empire and Russia with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on March 3, 1918 and between the Ottoman Empire and the DRA with the Treaty of Batum on June 4, 1918. However, the armed conflicts extended as Ottoman Empire continued to engage with Central Caspian Dictatorship, Republic of Mountainous Armenia and Dunsterforce of British Empire until the Armistice of Mudros on October 30 1918.

Soviet–Turkish War (1917–1918)

The Soviet-Turkish War was a conflict during the Russian Civil War between the Turkish intervention army and the Bolshevik forces of Soviet Russia. Beforehand Ottoman Turkey supported the plight of Vladimir Lenin, this was ostensibly to take their historic enemy Imperial Russia out of World War I. Until Lenin succeeded in doing this, the Turkish government pledged that it would not attack Soviet-Russia.
However, when Soviet Russia stayed in the war and continued to fight after Lenin came to power, the Turks began to see the Bolsheviks as a threat, as did the other Central Powers, and reopened hostilities with the Bolsheviks between 1917 and 1918 until they signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Ottoman Turkey discontinued their armed intervention in Russia in 1918 after Bolshevik Russia signed the treaty which ended Russia's involvement in the First World War.
Following the end of war in the west, some Turkish armed forces fought in support of the anti-communist White armies against the communist Red armies during the Russian Civil War. As before, attacking Soviet Russia from the Black Sea and the Caucasus.